Machine learning is a pivotal component of data science, empowering the extraction of insights from vast datasets. It encompasses algorithms and techniques enabling systems to learn patterns, make predictions, and automate decision-making without explicit programming. 

Supervised learning involves training models on labeled data for prediction, while unsupervised learning discovers inherent structures in unlabeled data. Reinforcement learning aids in optimizing actions through trial and error. Deep learning, a subset, employs neural networks for complex tasks like image and speech recognition. 

Feature engineering, model selection, and evaluation are crucial stages. Python libraries like TensorFlow, Scikit-learn, and PyTorch facilitate implementation. However, careful consideration of data quality, model interpretability, and ethical concerns are vital for effective and responsible machine learning in data science.